What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, and twisted veins that often appear on the legs and feet. These veins develop when the valves inside them become weak or damaged, causing poor circulation and blood pooling. They typically appear blue, purple, or dark red and may cause discomfort.
While varicose veins are not always a serious health concern, they can lead to pain, swelling, and complications if left untreated.
What Causes Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins form when the vein walls and valves weaken. Normally, veins carry blood back to the heart using one-way valves. When these valves fail, blood flows backward and pools inside the veins, causing them to stretch and bulge.
Common Causes & Risk Factors:
Genetics: A family history of varicose veins increases your risk
Hormonal Changes: Birth control pills, menopause, and hormonal therapy can affect vein elasticity.
Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Jobs requiring long hours of standing (e.g., nurses, teachers) can contribute.
Aging: Veins naturally weaken over time.
Obesity: Extra weight puts pressure on the veins, making circulation harder.
Lack of Exercise: UV radiation weakens the blood vessels, especially on the face.
Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can trigger vein swelling.
Symptoms of Varicose Veins
Varicose veins aren’t just a cosmetic issue—they can cause discomfort and lead to complications.
Common Symptoms:
Bulging veins: visible on the legs
Throbbing pain: in the legs
Leg heaviness: especially after standing for long periods
Skin changes: darkening, itching, or irritation near the veins
When to See a Doctor:
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If the veins become painful, warm, or hard to touch
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If you develop sores or ulcers near the affected veins
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If swelling and pain worsen over time
How Are Varicose Veins Diagnosed?
A vein specialist (phlebologist, vascular surgeon, or dermatologist) can diagnose varicose veins through:
Common Symptoms Include:
Physical Examination – Checking for visible swelling, skin changes, and pain.
Ultrasound Imaging – A Doppler ultrasound helps see how blood flows through the veins and detects valve damage.
Preventing Varicose Veins
While you can’t always prevent varicose veins, these habits help reduce your risk:
Common Symptoms Include:
Stay Active – Walk daily to improve circulation.
Avoid Prolonged Sitting/Standing – Move around every 30 minutes.
Wear Compression Stockings – Supports blood flow
Maintain a Healthy Weight– Reduces pressure on the legs.
Limit High Heels – Flat shoes promote better circulation.
Treatment Options for Varicose Veins
The best treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and patient preferences.
Medical Treatments:
1.
Home Remedies
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Exercise regularly (walking, swimming, yoga)
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Elevate legs to improve circulation
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Wear compression stockings (reduces swelling and prevents worsening)
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Avoid long periods of standing or sitting
2.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
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These treatments are performed in a doctor’s office and require little to no downtime.
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Sclerotherapy – A chemical solution is injected into the vein to shrink and close it off. (Best for small-to-medium veins)
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Laser Therapy – Uses light energy to seal off varicose veins, causing them to fade over time.
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Radiofrequency or Endogenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) – A catheter-based treatment using heat to collapse the damaged vein.
3.
Surgical Treatment (For Severe Cases)
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Vein Stripping & Ligation – Removing the damaged vein through small incisions.
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Ambulatory Phlebectomy – Tiny punctures are made to remove small varicose veins with a hook-like tool.